# Creating RxODE’s event tables

An event table in RxODE is a specialized data frame that acts as a container for all of RxODE’s events and observation times.

To create an RxODE event table you may use the code eventTable(), et(), or even create your own data frame with the right event information contained in it. This is closely related to the types of events that RxODE supports.

library(RxODE)
(ev <- eventTable());
#> --------------------------- EventTable with 0 records --------------------------
#>    0 dosing records (see x$get.dosing(); add with add.dosing or et) #> 0 observation times (see x$get.sampling(); add with add.sampling or et)
#> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

or

(ev <- et());
#> --------------------------- EventTable with 0 records --------------------------
#>    0 dosing records (see x$get.dosing(); add with add.dosing or et) #> 0 observation times (see x$get.sampling(); add with add.sampling or et)
#> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

With this event table you can add sampling/observations or doses by piping or direct access.

This is a short table of the two main functions to create dosing

dose amt Dose/Rate/Duration amount
dosing.interval ii Dosing Interval
dosing.to cmt Dosing Compartment
rate rate Infusion rate
start.time time Dosing start time
dur Infusion Duration

Sampling times can be added with add.sampling( sampling times ) or et( sampling times ). Dosing intervals and sampling windows are also supported.

For these models, we can illustrate by using the model shared in the RxODE tutorial:

## Model from RxODE tutorial
m1 <-RxODE({
KA=2.94E-01;
CL=1.86E+01;
V2=4.02E+01;
Q=1.05E+01;
V3=2.97E+02;
Kin=1;
Kout=1;
EC50=200;
## Added modeled bioavaiblity, duration and rate
fdepot = 1;
durDepot = 8;
rateDepot = 1250;
C2 = centr/V2;
C3 = peri/V3;
d/dt(depot) =-KA*depot;
f(depot) = fdepot
dur(depot) = durDepot
rate(depot) = rateDepot
d/dt(centr) = KA*depot - CL*C2 - Q*C2 + Q*C3;
d/dt(peri)  =                    Q*C2 - Q*C3;
d/dt(eff)  = Kin - Kout*(1-C2/(EC50+C2))*eff;
eff(0) = 1
});

## Adding doses to the event table

Once created you can add dosing to the event table by the add.dosing(), and et() functions.

Using the add.dosing() function you have:

argument meaning
dose dose amount
nbr.doses Number of doses; Should be at least 1.
dosing.interval Dosing interval; By default this is 24.
dosing.to Compartment where dose is administered.
rate Infusion rate
start.time The start time of the dose
ev <- eventTable(amount.units="mg", time.units="hr")

## The methods ar attached to the event table, so you can use them
## directly
ev$add.dosing(dose=10000, nbr.doses = 3)# loading doses ## Starts at time 0; Default dosing interval is 24 ## You can also pipe the event tables to these methods. ev <- ev %>% add.dosing(dose=5000, nbr.doses=14, dosing.interval=12)# maintenance ev #> --------------------------- EventTable with 2 records -------------------------- #> 2 dosing records (see x$get.dosing(); add with add.dosing or et)
#>    0 observation times (see x$get.sampling(); add with add.sampling or et) #> multiple doses in addl columns, expand with x$expand(); or etExpand(x)
#> -- First part of x: ------------------------------------------------------------
#> # A tibble: 2 x 5
#>    time   amt    ii  addl evid
#>     [h]  [mg]   [h] <int> <evid>
#> 1     0 10000    24     2 1:Dose (Add)
#> 2     0  5000    12    13 1:Dose (Add)
#> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Notice that the units were specified in the table. When specified, the units use the units package to keep track of the units and convert them if needed. Additionally, ggforce uses them to label the ggplot axes. The set_units and drop_units are useful to set and drop the RxODE event table units.

In this example, you can see the time axes is labeled:

rxSolve(m1, ev) %>% plot(C2)

If you are more familiar with the NONMEM/RxODE event records, you can also specify dosing using et with the dose elements directly:

ev <- et(timeUnits="hr") %>%

ev
#> --------------------------- EventTable with 1 records --------------------------
#>    1 dosing records (see x$get.dosing(); add with add.dosing or et) #> 0 observation times (see x$get.sampling(); add with add.sampling or et)
#>    multiple doses in addl columns, expand with x$expand(); or etExpand(x) #> -- First part of x: ------------------------------------------------------------ #> # A tibble: 1 x 5 #> time amt ii addl evid #> [h] <dbl> [h] <int> <evid> #> 1 0 10000 12 6 1:Dose (Add) #> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Which gives: rxSolve(m1, ev) %>% plot(C2) This shows how easy creating event tables can be. ## Adding sampling to an event table If you notice in the above examples, RxODE generated some default sampling times since there was not any sampling times. If you wish more control over the sampling time, you should add the samples to the RxODE event table by add.sampling or et ev <- eventTable(amount.units="mg", time.units="hr") ## The methods ar attached to the event table, so you can use them ## directly ev$add.dosing(dose=10000, nbr.doses = 3)# loading doses

ev$add.sampling(seq(0,24,by=4)) ev #> --------------------------- EventTable with 8 records -------------------------- #> 1 dosing records (see x$get.dosing(); add with add.dosing or et)
#>    7 observation times (see x$get.sampling(); add with add.sampling or et) #> multiple doses in addl columns, expand with x$expand(); or etExpand(x)
#> -- First part of x: ------------------------------------------------------------
#> # A tibble: 8 x 5
#>    time   amt    ii  addl evid
#>     [h]  [mg]   [h] <int> <evid>
#> 1     0    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#> 2     0 10000    24     2 1:Dose (Add)
#> 3     4    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#> 4     8    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#> 5    12    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#> 6    16    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#> 7    20    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#> 8    24    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Which gives:

solve(m1, ev) %>% plot(C2)

Or if you use et you can simply add them in a similar way to add.sampling:

ev <- et(timeUnits="hr") %>%
et(seq(0,24,by=4))

ev
#> --------------------------- EventTable with 8 records --------------------------
#>    1 dosing records (see x$get.dosing(); add with add.dosing or et) #> 7 observation times (see x$get.sampling(); add with add.sampling or et)
#>    multiple doses in addl columns, expand with x$expand(); or etExpand(x) #> -- First part of x: ------------------------------------------------------------ #> # A tibble: 8 x 5 #> time amt ii addl evid #> [h] <dbl> [h] <int> <evid> #> 1 0 NA NA NA 0:Observation #> 2 0 10000 12 6 1:Dose (Add) #> 3 4 NA NA NA 0:Observation #> 4 8 NA NA NA 0:Observation #> 5 12 NA NA NA 0:Observation #> 6 16 NA NA NA 0:Observation #> 7 20 NA NA NA 0:Observation #> 8 24 NA NA NA 0:Observation #> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- which gives the following RxODE solve: solve(m1, ev) %>% plot(C2) Note the jagged nature of these plots since there was only a few sample times. ## Expand the event table to a multi-subject event table. The only thing that is needed to expand an event table is a list of IDs that you want to expand; ev <- et(timeUnits="hr") %>% et(amt=10000, until = set_units(3, days), ii=12) %>% # loading doses et(seq(0,48,length.out=200)) %>% et(id=1:4) ev #> -------------------------- EventTable with 804 records ------------------------- #> 4 individuals #> 4 dosing records (see x$get.dosing(); add with add.dosing or et)
#>    800 observation times (see x$get.sampling(); add with add.sampling or et) #> multiple doses in addl columns, expand with x$expand(); or etExpand(x)
#> -- First part of x: ------------------------------------------------------------
#> # A tibble: 804 x 6
#>       id      time   amt    ii  addl evid
#>    <int>       [h] <dbl>   [h] <int> <evid>
#>  1     1 0.0000000    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#>  2     1 0.0000000 10000    12     6 1:Dose (Add)
#>  3     1 0.2412060    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#>  4     1 0.4824121    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#>  5     1 0.7236181    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#>  6     1 0.9648241    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#>  7     1 1.2060302    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#>  8     1 1.4472362    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#>  9     1 1.6884422    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#> 10     1 1.9296482    NA    NA    NA 0:Observation
#> # ... with 794 more rows
#> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You can see in the following simulation there are 4 individuals that are solved for:

set.seed(42)
solve(m1, ev,
params=data.frame(KA=0.294*exp(rnorm(4)), 18.6*exp(rnorm(4)))) %>%
plot(C2)
#> Warning in (function (idData, goodLvl, type = "parameter", warnIdSort) : ID missing in parameters dataset;
#>  Parameters are assumed to have the same order as the IDs in the event dataset

## Add doses and samples within a sampling window

In addition to adding fixed doses and fixed sampling times, you can have windows where you sample and draw doses from. For dosing windows you specify the time as an ordered numerical vector with the lowest dosing time and the highest dosing time inside a list.

In this example, you start with a dosing time with a 6 hour dosing window:

set.seed(42)
ev <- et(timeUnits="hr") %>%
et(id=1:4)

ev
#> -------------------------- EventTable with 16 records --------------------------
#>    4 individuals
#>    16 dosing records (see x$get.dosing(); add with add.dosing or et) #> 0 observation times (see x$get.sampling(); add with add.sampling or et)
#> -- First part of x: ------------------------------------------------------------
#> # A tibble: 16 x 6
#>       id   low       time  high   amt evid
#>    <int>   [h]        [h]   [h] <dbl> <evid>
#>  1     1     0  5.4888363     6 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#>  2     1    12 16.9826858    18 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#>  3     1    24 25.7168372    30 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#>  4     1    36 41.6224525    42 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#>  5     2     0  4.3146735     6 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#>  6     2    12 14.7464507    18 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#>  7     2    24 28.2303887    30 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#>  8     2    36 39.9419537    42 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#>  9     3     0  0.8079996     6 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#> 10     3    12 16.4195299    18 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#> 11     3    24 27.1145757    30 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#> 12     3    36 39.8504731    42 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#> 13     4     0  4.9826858     6 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#> 14     4    12 13.7168372    18 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#> 15     4    24 29.6224525    30 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#> 16     4    36 41.4888363    42 10000 1:Dose (Add)
#> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You can clearly see different dosing times in the following simulation:

ev <- ev %>% et(seq(0,48,length.out=200))

solve(m1, ev, params=data.frame(KA=0.294*exp(rnorm(4)), 18.6*exp(rnorm(4)))) %>% plot(C2)
#> Warning in (function (idData, goodLvl, type = "parameter", warnIdSort) : ID missing in parameters dataset;
#>  Parameters are assumed to have the same order as the IDs in the event dataset

Of course in reality the dosing interval may only be 2 hours:

set.seed(42)
ev <- et(timeUnits="hr") %>%
et(id=1:4) %>%
et(seq(0,48,length.out=200))

solve(m1, ev, params=data.frame(KA=0.294*exp(rnorm(4)), 18.6*exp(rnorm(4)))) %>% plot(C2)
#> Warning in (function (idData, goodLvl, type = "parameter", warnIdSort) : ID missing in parameters dataset;
#>  Parameters are assumed to have the same order as the IDs in the event dataset

The same sort of thing can be specified with sampling times. To specify the sampling times in terms of a sampling window, you can create a list of the sampling times. Each sampling time will be a two element ordered numeric vector.

set.seed(42)
ev <- et(timeUnits="hr") %>%
et(id=1:4)

## Create 20 samples in the first 24 hours and 20 samples in the second 24 hours
samples <- c(lapply(1:20, function(...){c(0,24)}),
lapply(1:20, function(...){c(20,48)}))

## Add the random collection to the event table
ev <- ev %>% et(samples)

library(ggplot2)
solve(m1, ev, params=data.frame(KA=0.294*exp(rnorm(4)), 18.6*exp(rnorm(4)))) %>% plot(C2) + geom_point()
#> Warning in (function (idData, goodLvl, type = "parameter", warnIdSort) : ID missing in parameters dataset;
#>  Parameters are assumed to have the same order as the IDs in the event dataset

This shows the flexibility in dosing and sampling that the RxODE event tables allow.

## Combining event tables

Since you can create dosing records and sampling records, you can create any complex dosing regimen you wish. In addition, RxODE allows you to combine event tables by c, seq, rep, and rbind.

## Sequencing event tables

One way to combine event table is to sequence them by c, seq or etSeq. This takes the two dosing groups and adds at least one inter-dose interval between them:

## bid for 5 days
bid <- et(timeUnits="hr") %>%
et(amt=10000,ii=12,until=set_units(5, "days"))

## qd for 5 days
qd <- et(timeUnits="hr") %>%
et(amt=20000,ii=24,until=set_units(5, "days"))

## bid for 5 days followed by qd for 5 days
et <- seq(bid,qd) %>% et(seq(0,11*24,length.out=100));

rxSolve(m1, et) %>% plot(C2)

When sequencing events, you can also separate this sequence by a period of time; For example if you wanted to separate this by a week, you could easily do that with the following sequence of event tables:

## bid for 5 days followed by qd for 5 days
et <- seq(bid,set_units(1, "week"), qd) %>%
et(seq(0,18*24,length.out=100));

rxSolve(m1, et) %>% plot(C2)

Note that in this example the time between the bid and the qd event tables is exactly one week, not 1 week plus 24 hours because of the inter-dose interval. If you want that behavior, you can sequence it using the wait="+ii".

## bid for 5 days followed by qd for 5 days
et <- seq(bid,set_units(1, "week"), qd,wait="+ii") %>%
et(seq(0,18*24,length.out=100));

rxSolve(m1, et) %>% plot(C2)

Also note, that RxODE assumes that the dosing is what you want to space the event tables by, and clears out any sampling records when you combine the event tables. If that is not true, you can also use the option samples="use"

## Repeating event tables

You can have an event table that you can repeat with etRep or rep. For example 4 rounds of 2 weeks on QD therapy and 1 week off of therapy can be simply specified:

qd <-et(timeUnits = "hr") %>% et(amt=10000, ii=24, until=set_units(2, "weeks"), cmt="depot")

et <- rep(qd, times=4, wait=set_units(1,"weeks")) %>%

rxSolve(m1, et)  %>% plot(C2)

This is a simplified way to use a sequence of event tables. Therefore, many of the same options still apply; That is samples are cleared unless you use samples="use", and the time between event tables is at least the inter-dose interval. You can adjust the timing by the wait option.

## Combining event tables with rbind

You may combine event tables with rbind. This does not consider the event times when combining the event tables, but keeps them the same times. If you space the event tables by a waiting period, it also does not consider the inter-dose interval.

Using the previous seq you can clearly see the difference. Here was the sequence:

## bid for 5 days
bid <- et(timeUnits="hr") %>%
et(amt=10000,ii=12,until=set_units(5, "days"))

## qd for 5 days
qd <- et(timeUnits="hr") %>%
et(amt=20000,ii=24,until=set_units(5, "days"))

et <- seq(bid,qd) %>%
et(seq(0,18*24,length.out=500));

rxSolve(m1, et) %>% plot(C2)

But if you bind them together with rbind

## bid for 5 days
et <- rbind(bid,qd) %>%
et(seq(0,18*24,length.out=500));

rxSolve(m1, et) %>% plot(C2)

Still the waiting period applies (but does not consider the inter-dose interval)

et <- rbind(bid,wait=set_units(10,days),qd) %>%
et(seq(0,18*24,length.out=500));

rxSolve(m1, et) %>% plot(C2)

You can also bind the tables together and make each ID in the event table unique; This can be good to combine cohorts with different expected dosing and sampling times. This requires the id="unique" option; Using the first example shows how this is different in this case:

## bid for 5 days
et <- etRbind(bid,qd, id="unique") %>%
et(seq(0,150,length.out=500));

library(ggplot2)
rxSolve(m1, et) %>% plot(C2) + facet_wrap( ~ id)